[138] During the Second World War, the main ports of Glamorgan were heavily targeted by German bombing raids, though exports were not severely disrupted. [49] The main heavy industry of note during this period was copper smelting, and this was centred on the towns of Swansea and Neath. Tor. John Francis - Mumbles. At the southern edge of the Brecon Beacons, the simple geological structure of Old Red Sandstone gives way to Carboniferous rocks; limestone, shales and millstone grit. The industrial period of Glamorgan saw a massive building program throughout the uplands and in the coastal regions, reflecting the increasing population and the need for new cheap housing to accommodate the hundreds of thousands of workers coming into the area. The most notorious aviation disaster in Wales occurred in Glamorgan in 1950, when a privately hired Avro Tudor crashed at Llandow Aerodrome. A prime development site being 3.59 acres, having planning for 36 units being a mixture of 2, 3 and 4 bedroom houses and bungalows. Registered in England Number 00789476. [95] Once marshland, the area was consumed by the rapid growth of the Cardiff Docks during the industrial revolution, but with the downturn in Glamorgan's iron and coal industries, the docks declined. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality. Although Glamorgan had a large number of rivers, few were navigable for any considerable length. [55] The old castles became abandoned throughout this period due to the new security brought by Glamorgan coming under the protection of the crown, with only the Stradlings of St Donat's Castle electing to remain in their old ancestral home. The name Morgannwg or Glamorgan ('territory of Morgan') reputedly derives from the 8th-century king Morgan ab Athrwys, otherwise known as "Morgan Mwynfawr" ('great in riches') who united Glywysing with the neighbouring kingdoms of Gwent and Ergyng, although some have argued for the similar 10th-century ruler Morgan Hen. Swansea also suffered a vast reduction on trade with the end of the area as a world leader in copper smelting. By 1856 the Taff Vale Railway was extended to service the top of the Rhondda Valleys at Treherbert and Maerdy, which allowed the exploitation of the minefields in one of the most coal-rich areas of Britain. Other technological innovations – including the wheel; harnessing oxen; weaving textiles; brewing alcohol; and skillful metalworking (producing new weapons and tools, and fine gold decoration and jewellery, such as brooches and torcs) – changed people's everyday lives during this period. [106] Along with gaining parliamentary representation in 1536, Glamorgan became part of the King's circuit, with judges from England administering law at the Great Session or Assizes. The other bat and ball team sport of note in the area was baseball, which was very popular in Cardiff, reaching its peak in the 1930s. In the 1960s the main line services in Wales underwent dieselisation, but this modernisation failed to save the rail system and by 1968 many passenger lines were discontinued by the Beeching Axe. [87] It was designed to bring the care of patients, research and medical teaching together under one roof. Originally an early medieval petty kingdom of varying boundaries known as Glywysing. The smaller companies progressively disappeared. The highest point in the county is Craig y Llyn (600 metres (2,000 ft)) which is situated near the village of Rhigos in the Cynon Valley. To the south east is a gently undulating limestone plateau,[90] virtually coterminous with the modern county borough of Vale of Glamorgan, mainly comprising farmland and small villages stretching from Porthcawl to Cardiff. The name also survives in that of Vale of Glamorgan, a county borough. [120][129] However, even at the outset there were complaints about the capacity and safety of its single carriageway, three-lane design.[130]. The legacy of the Marcher Lords left the area scattered with historic buildings including Norman castles, Cistercian Abbeys, churches and medieval monuments. [110] The transformation commenced with the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. A superb spacious family residence on a good sized plot, there are gardens to the front and rear, ample parking and a double garage. The coming of industrialisation in the early 19th century gave rise to a new prosperous middle-class and improved communications; both led to a burgeoning tourist trade. [48] Old monasteries, with their lands, were acquired by the wealthy and turned into country houses; their notable residents preferring to live in gentry houses rather than the fortified castles of the past. The last deep mine, Tower Colliery at Hirwaun, closed in January 2008. [55] Of the remaining two manors, The Van at Caerphilly was reconstructed in 1990 while Cefnmabli was gutted by a fire in 1994. In 1884, the county members were the octogenarian C.R.M. The building of parish churches also began in the 12th century, densely in the Vale, but very sparsely in the upland and northern areas. The resulting population pressures appear to have led to conflict. The airport saw varying degrees of success until regular flights ceased in 1969. The northern part of the county is a mountainous area, dissected by deep narrow valleys. [52], Glamorgan, now falling under the protection of the crown, was also involved in the conflicts of the crown. [53] Glamorgan sent troops to join Charles I at the Battle of Edgehill, and their Member of Parliament Sir Edward Stradling was captured in the conflict. Both the coal and steel industries were increasingly dominated by large amalgamations, such as Powell Duffryn and Guest, Keen and Nettlefolds. The fourth of the great ironworks, Penydarren Ironworks was built in 1784. Merthyr needed a coastal export point for its iron and Cardiff was the obvious choice being at the mouth of the River Taff. There were, however, a number of urban areas within Glamorgan that retained the right to control their own highways, and the county council never achieved control of the whole highway network. [134] Between 1790 and 1794, Acts of Parliament were obtained for the construction of three canals within Glamorgan, the Glamorganshire Canal (1790), Neath Canal (1791) and the Swansea Canal (1794). Ambitious attempts were made to link Swansea's docks to coal rich areas, such as the Rhondda and Swansea Bay Railway, but these plans were never truly economically successful. Archaeologist Stephen Aldhouse-Green notes that while Wales has a "multitude" of Mesolithic sites, their settlements were "focused on the coastal plains", the uplands were "exploited only by specialist hunting groups". The most notable team to carry the name Glamorgan, is Glamorgan County Cricket Club. The second major railway to open was the South Wales Railway, linking Gloucester in England to Neyland. [5] Glamorgan contains two cities, Cardiff, the county town and from 1955 the capital city of Wales, and Swansea. [145] The team gained first-class status in 1921,[145] and still play under the name of Glamorgan. Several other airports and aerodromes have serviced Glamorgan, but usually for private flights. Offers over £875,000 Detached house for sale Gower Road, Sketty, Swansea SA2. Lettings: John Francis is a trading name of Countrywide Residential Lettings Limited, Registered Office Greenwood House, 1st Floor, 91-99 New London Road, Chelmsford, Essex, CM2 0PP. By 4000 BP people had begun to bury, or cremate their dead in individual cists, beneath a mound of earth known as a round barrow; sometimes with a distinctive style of finely decorated pottery – like those at Llanharry (discovered 1929) and at Llandaff (1991) – that gave rise to the Early Bronze Age being described as Beaker culture. [126][127] The Ministry of Transport initially envisaged that the new M4 motorway would terminate at Tredegar Park near Newport, with a series of bypasses to improve the A48 further west. Of note were the Billybanks estate in Penarth and Penrhys Estate (Alex Robertson, Peter Francis & Partners) in the Rhondda, both described by Malcolm Parry, the former Head of the School of Architecture at Cardiff University, as "...the worst examples of architecture and planning in Wales."[89]. St Lythans burial chamber (Vale of Glamorgan), and Cae'rarfau (near Creigiau)); and Severn-Cotswold chamber tombs (e.g. From the 1530s throughout to 1650, the newly empowered gentry attempted to show their status by building stately homes to show their wealth; but the period from 1650 through to the mid-1750s was a fallow time for architectural grandeur, with few new wealthy families moving to the area. [152] These towns, most notably Barry Island, Porthcawl, Aberavon and Mumbles, owed their existence as tourist locations to the development of the south Wales coal field and the introduction of the workers' annual holidays. 01792 734024 Local call rate. The South Wales Police force covers an area that is similar to Glamorgan. 1080. with Mortgage Advice Bureau. From the northern coalfields and ironworks a string of world class boxers were produced, which was later matched by notable fighters from Cardiff. With concrete becoming the favourite post-war building material, larger office blocks began appearing within the cities, though few were of any architectural significance. Email agent . These works made Merthyr Tydfil the main centre of the industry in Wales. [121] Towards Tudor times the upkeep and repair of the roads came under the administration of each parish, with six days of the week during the summer allowed for track repairs. Designed to reflect sympathetically in dimensions with its neighbouring city hall, the dome-topped museum combines many architectural motifs with Doric columns at its facade, while internally a large entrance hall with stairs, landings and balconies. Tell us whether you accept cookies. All Rights Reserved. [27][28] Until the Roman conquest of Britain, the area that would become known as Glamorgan was part of the territory of the Silures – a Celtic British tribe that flourished in the Iron Age – whose territory also included the areas that would become known as Breconshire and Monmouthshire. Regé-Jean PageRegé-Jean Page is a Zimbabwean and English actor. Whether they remained in the area during periods of extreme cold is unclear. Before the use of locomotives, railway track was used at various stages of the canal system to link locations to which the waterways could not reach. A Glamorgan yeoman of the time generally lived in greater comfort than his contemporaries of the more westerly or upland parts of Wales such as Cardiganshire or north Carmarthenshire. [91] The high ground that runs centrally through the Gower was largely uncultivated common land and its beaches and rocky coastal headlands showed little signs of the tourist trade[91] that played an increasing role on the local economy. [50] Smelting of copper started around Neath under the Mines Royal Society c. 1584 but the scale of the works increased dramatically from the early 18th century when Swansea displaced Bristol as Britain's copper smelting capital. Countrywide Estate Agents is an appointed representative of Countrywide Principal Services Limited which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Then taken over by the Normans as a lordship. Begun in the 1960s, and completed in 1971, the building is the third largest hospital in the United Kingdom and the largest in Wales. Such massive constructions would have needed a large labour force – up to 200 men – suggestive of large communities nearby. Nineteen Neolithic chambered tombs (or long barrows) and five possible henges have been identified in Glamorgan. Some were captured, and several were damaged to such an extent they were never maintained as defences again. It was defined by a large concentration of castles. with Mortgage Advice Bureau. However, the coastal ports, Cardiff and Swansea, managed to sustain a "reasonable" level of economic activity,[82] and the anthracite coalfield in western Glamorgan (and eastern Carmarthenshire) also managed to maintain production and exports above pre-war levels.[83]. In 1885, all ten of the Glamorgan seats were captured by the Liberal Party and this election represented the triumph of the nonconformist middle classes. [56], From the mid-18th century onwards, Glamorgan's uplands underwent large-scale industrialisation and several coastal towns, in particular Swansea and later Cardiff, became significant ports. [91] Settlements in the area included Cardiff, Barry, Bridgend, Cowbridge, Penarth and Porthcawl. The crest above the shield was a Welsh dragon rising from flames, symbolising the revival of the county's industry following a period of economic depression. Although never finding any lasting appeal within Glamorgan, a number of rugby league teams emerged in the early 1900s; and on 1 January 1908, the first true international rugby league game took place in Aberdare between Wales and New Zealand.[148]. After the First World War, Glamorgan, as was typical for Britain as a whole, entered a period of modernity, which saw buildings built and designed for functionality rather than splendour with period features watered down. [118] With continual use the tracks widened to allow different forms of travel, including the use by pack horses; and as the tracks became more recognisable the first primitive roads came into being. The creation of the Welsh Office led to a re-appraisal of policy and a decision to extend the M4 further into Glamorgan. Two major groups of Neolithic architectural traditions are represented in the area: portal dolmens (e.g. Lettings: John Francis is a trading name of Countrywide Residential Lettings Limited, Registered Office Greenwood House, 1st Floor, 91-99 New London Road, Chelmsford, Essex, CM2 0PP. The whole bay is shut in by high hills and is thickly encircled with sands. Worm's Head is one of the stand out features of the Glamorgan coastline, a long narrow ledge of limestone, projecting into the sea, ending in a 200-foot high wedge shaped crag;[104] the Head takes its name from its resemblance to a dragon. [53], The period between the Laws in Wales Acts and the industrialisation of Glamorgan saw two distinct periods architecturally. [67] The coalfield provided a vast range in quality and type, but prior to 1750 the only real access to the seams was through bell pits or digging horizontally into a level where the seam was exposed at a river bank or mountainside. Parc Cwm long cairn, (Parc le Breos Cwm, Gower Peninsula), and Tinkinswood burial chamber (Vale of Glamorgan)), as well as tombs that do not fall easily into either group. [101] The second is the Tawe, the central river of Swansea. [97] South easterly from Lavernock Point, roughly three miles out in the Channel Estuary is Flat Holm, an island which although geographically is within the Vale, is administered as part of the city of Cardiff. Registered in England Number 02995024 which is an agent and subsidiary of Countrywide Estate Agents, Registered Office: Greenwood House, 1st Floor, 91-99 New London Road, Chelmsford, Essex, CM2 0PP. A traditional large 5 Bedroom Farmhouse... 1500000 The 1840s saw the start of a dramatic increase in the amount of coal excavated within Glamorgan. In the upland, or Blaenau area, the hilly terrain along with many areas being densely wooded, made arable farming unprofitable, so the local farming concentrated on the rearing of horses, cattle and sheep. The need to reverse the decision was a central factor in the creation of the British Labour Party.[142]. [46] In the Vale a Benedictine monastery was founded in 1141, Ewenny Priory, a community under the patronage of St. Peter's Gloucester. In 1874, the Rhondda produced 2.13 million tons of coal, which rose to 5.8 million tons by 1884. Secondly there was an employment shortage in farming due to the call of better paid industrial work,[49] and pastoral land was less work intensive. Stock rearing became prominent with breeds such as Hereford, Devon and Shorthorn cattle being bred in the Vale of Glamorgan,[49] while the unenclosed wilds of the Gower saw Welsh Ponies bred on the commons.[71]. Although not as famous as the Llanelli or Pontypool works, a concentrated number of works emerged around Swansea, Aberavon and Neath towards the late 19th century. In 1801, Swansea was Glamorgan's largest urban area with a population five times that of Cardiff's. Despite the demand the want for the youth to conscript in the war effort in the valley areas meant that there was a shortage of workers to run the mines; this in turn saw the introduction of the Bevin Boys, workers conscripted to work in the mines. ©2000-2021 Lyrics Planet, LyricsPlanet.com. Added on 03/02/2020 by John Francis, Mumbles. [64] Glamorgan became the most populous and industrialised county in Wales and was known as the 'crucible of the Industrial Revolution'.[43][65]. Other railway lines that opened during the mid to late 19th century included the Vale of Neath Railway, the Swansea Vale Railway and the Rhymney Railway; all designed with the primary purpose of transporting metals and coal from the uplands of the county to the ever-expanding ports. Coryton to Baglan (J32 to J41)", "Democratic Politics in Glamorgan, 1884-1914", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glamorgan&oldid=1009712082, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Former country articles requiring maintenance, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 1 March 2021, at 23:20. Glamorgan was served by several airports and airfields, with Cardiff Airport being the county's chief airport. [49] The lowland, or Bro was devoted to more general branches of farming, cereal, grass for pasture, hay and stock raising. The dragon supported a flag bearing a clarion from the arms of the De Granville family, lords of Neath. The period saw the appearance, not only of the works and pits themselves, but of the terrace house or miners cottage, railway stations, hospitals, churches, chapels, bridges, viaducts, stadiums, schools, universities, museums and workingmen's halls. Terms & conditions  | Privacy policy | Cookies| Privacy Notice, Countrywide Terms & conditions  | Countrywide Privacy policy | Countrywide Cookies| Countrywide Modern Slavery. [39], The earliest buildings of note included earthwork dykes and rudimentary motte-and-bailey hillside defences. The supporters of the arms were a coalminer and a steel worker. Alongside the metalworks, industries appeared throughout Glamorgan that made use of the works' output. [25][26] Excavations at Llanmaes, Vale of Glamorgan, indicate a settlement and "feasting site" occupied from the Late Bronze Age until the Roman occupation. The major settlements of the region include Swansea, Neath and Port Talbot. Linking the ironworks of Merthyr to the ports of Cardiff, the Taff Vale line was given royal assent in 1836, with work commencing the same year. [62], As well as copper and iron, Glamorgan became an important centre for the tinplate industry. From the east the first major coastline feature is the Rhymney River, once seen as the natural border between Glamorgan and Monmouthshire, until the absorption of Trowbridge into the Cardiff district[96] in 1936. The lowlands are geographically the best environment for agriculture of the three areas. [68] The coal now produced in Glamorgan far exceeded the interior demand, and in the later half of the 19th century the area became a mass exporter for its product. [146], One of the most popular sports in Glamorgan was rugby union, producing some of the oldest rugby clubs in the world. [39] As well as building a military and defensive network, the Normans also undertook an ecclesiastical reorganisation on Glamorgan. When the Diocese of Llandaff became incorporated into the Province of Canterbury, the Bishop of Llandaff rebuilt over the small church with the beginnings of Llandaff Cathedral in 1120. [133] Where there were breaks in the rocky coastline, small fishing and cockling communities existed, such as Port Eynon and Penclawdd. [12][13] A tradition of long barrow construction began in continental Europe during the 7th millennium BP – the free standing megalithic structures supporting a sloping capstone (known as dolmens); common over Atlantic Europe. [119] However, for 1,000 years after the Romans there was little need for major roads. In Aberdare the population grew from 6,471 in 1841 to 32,299 in 1851 while the Rhondda grew from 3,035 in 1861 to 55,632 in 1881, peaking in 1921 at 162,729. [152] The late 19th century, with improving rail links, saw the coastal areas of Glamorgan that benefited from a beachfront grow as tourist destinations. Oxwich Bay ends in the large wooded promontory of Oxwich Point,[104] which leads west to the beach front villages of Horton and Port Eynon. At The Mumbles, the coastline begins its third phase, commencing the wild and rugged cliffs of the Gower. [107] An additional Swansea Town constituency was created, distinct from Swansea District but the Cardiff constituency remained unchanged, and with over 85,000 inhabitants became the largest single-member constituency in the United Kingdom. The hoard, described as "one of the most significant prehistoric metalwork hoards in Wales" has given its name to the Llyn Fawr Phase, the last Bronze Age phase in Britain. Further west is Swansea Bay and the Gower Peninsula, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. [111] Although most of these seats now had the working-class electorate in a majority they were safe for the Liberals as long as the labour element remained in the Liberal fold. Search houses & flats to buy from leading estate agents. A superb and versatile 80 acre residential holding in a picturesque location overlooking the Taf estuary in a beautiful part of the Carmarthenshire coastline. At various times life has flourished, at others the area is likely to have been completely uninhabitable. Further Turnpike Acts came into force in 1799 and 1810, and these Acts allowed trustees to collect a toll for the use of certain roads within a district.
St Claire Morehead Ky Medical Records, Current Account Germany, The Mac Belfast Menu, Zero Waste Scotland Vision, Meepo Discount Code 2020,